Cement is never used on its own. It is always mixed with other materials to make plaster, mortar and most importantly concrete. Therefore, the sector looks beyond the factory gates and carries out research and product development to improve the environmental performance of concrete and how to reuse or recycle concrete. For example, the opportunity for reducing emissions is not limited solely to the cement production process, but is relevant to the whole life cycle of downstream products, namely concrete. In fact, concrete can contribute much more than the cement production process to achieving the EU’s objectives in terms of reducing CO₂ emissions.